Men in midlife may be aging faster at a biological level — and exposure to so-called “forever chemicals” could be part of the reason, according to new research.
The study links PFAS (perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances) to accelerated biological aging, particularly among men aged 50 to 65. These chemicals are dubbed “forever” because they persist for years in both the environment and the human body. The National Academy of Sciences reports that PFAS can be detected in the blood of roughly 98% of Americans.
Understanding Epigenetic Aging
Rather than focusing on chronological age, researchers examined epigenetic aging — a measure of biological wear and tear that can differ from the number of years a person has lived.
The association between PFAS exposure and accelerated epigenetic aging was strongest in men between 50 and 65, said lead author Xiangwei Li of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Among younger men and those over 65, the link was weaker and generally not statistically significant. Findings in women were smaller and less consistent.
A Gender-Specific Effect
Scientists suggest the results point to a sex-specific biological response, which is consistent with chemicals known to disrupt the endocrine system — the body’s hormone-regulating network.
According to the Food Packaging Forum, PFAS accumulation in men has been associated with lower testosterone levels, reduced sperm quality, and increased risks of testicular and kidney cancer.
Women, by contrast, may eliminate certain PFAS more efficiently through pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menstruation, though these differences narrow after menopause.
How the Study Was Conducted
Published in Frontiers in Aging, the research analyzed data from 326 older adults who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 1999–2000.
Blood samples were tested for 11 PFAS compounds, and researchers examined participants’ DNA methylome — a key epigenetic marker that influences gene expression. The data were then processed through 12 “epigenetic clocks,” tools designed to estimate biological aging.
Broader Health Concerns
Since the 1950s, PFAS have been widely used in nonstick cookware, water-resistant fabrics, and heat-resistant products. They have been linked to cancer, infertility, hormone disruption, high cholesterol, liver damage, obesity, and thyroid disease.
Older compounds such as PFOS and PFOA have been targeted for global phase-out under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, though the United States has signed but not ratified the agreement.
The researchers emphasize that their findings show association, not causation. While completely avoiding PFAS may be unrealistic, reducing exposure where possible could be a sensible precaution.
Steps to Reduce Exposure
Experts recommend:
- Using certified water filtration systems.
- Following local drinking water advisories.
- Limiting contact with stain-resistant, grease-proof, and water-repellent products.
Ultimately, however, meaningful risk reduction will depend largely on regulatory action and environmental remediation, as PFAS exposure often affects entire communities rather than isolated individuals.